CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this research there are five
chapters presented. This contains
background of study, statement of the problem, objective of the
study, significance of the study, scope
and limitation of the study, and definition of the key terms. Each section is discussed clearly
as follows: 1.1Background of the Study
In literary world, some people do everything began with their imagination.
They pour their mind, ideas into
a language. In such, most of authors use an
imagination or connotation words asa new way to look at things in the
world that are difficult to be
described.An author uses connotation words to achieve a beautiful meaning in which the reader will
feel interesting even enjoy to read. As
William Shakespeare who is perfected using imaginative words in his
famous plays. In fact, everything which
is used in the pouring of imagination is born from human embodiment or what human experience and
how human experience it.
As the theory related to
explanation above,the thesis ‘on the Nature of
Lexical Concept’(see Evans 2004; Evans and Green 2006; Johnson 1987;
Lakoff 1987; Lakoff and Johnson 1999)
said that forms of expression, such as art, make use of the human symbolic ability, which
relies upon the conceptual system, it
follows that artistic expression must reflect the nature of human
embodiment, and thus bodily experience.
One way in which art manifests itself is through language, particularly literary language. Here it
will be concerned with one form of literary
languages which takes namely figurative language.
Figurative language means a way
of saying something other than the
literal meaning of the words. It discusses about meaning which is
different from the literal
interpretation. It is supported by the theory that figurative or imaginative language is the sentences fall
outside the domain of normal literal
language (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980: 53). Figurative language according
to M.H.
Abrahams, is a deviation from
what speakers of language apprehend as the
ordinary, or standard, significance or sequence of words, in order to
achieve some special meaning of effect
(Abrahams, 1981: 45).
Figurative language is one type
of lexical meanings which part of
Semantic. As we know that semantic is study about meaning in language.
So, this also has the same purpose that
learning figurative language means learning
meaning in language. Learning figurative language is different from
learning other study. It can be looked
when we did a process in giving meaning in sentences, absolutely any enjoyable feeling will appear.
That happens because we can see hidden
meaning which include in the unique sentences.
Something which make learning
figurative language is interesting, that
using figurative language will appear the imply meaning which builds
the meaning of sentences become more
fresh or live. This case is supported by the
theory that figurative language is not the only way to say what is
meant, there is already a more direct
and cognitively simple expression denoting approximately the same entity (compare, for instance, to
reveal a secret, to spill the beans, to
become angry, to hit the ceiling or to deal successfully with a problem,
and also to clear a hurdle) (Dmitrij
Dobrovol’skil and Elisabeth Pirainen, 2005:18).
Figurative language also can be a
challenge on People who are learning English as
a second language then they will find many types of figurative language
because of their vocabulary limitations.
That is why the researcher wants to take the
figurative language in the Al-Quir’an as the object of research. So far,
the researcher explains about subject
research in the Al-Qur’an and also something
interesting in it below.
In reality, most of the sentences
in the Al-Qur’an use figurative language.
For instance; He said: O Adam! Inform them of their names,
and when he had informed them of their
names, He said: Did I tell you that I know the
secret of the heavens and the earth?And I know that which ye
disclose and which ye hide.
(Al-Baqoroh:33) In the sentence O Adam!
Inform them of their names, and when he had
informed them of their names, He said: Did I tell you that I know the
secret of the heavens and the earth?. It
means that Allah asked Adam to say for the
mankind about the names of things, and then Allah asked to say that He
is only the one Lord who creates and
know all everything before and after life in the world. From the meaning of the sentence
above, the researcher tries to follow
translator’s way in arrangement the sentence. The sentence is addressed
pointedly Adam which is clearly stated
by the word ‘O Adam’. So, it is categorized into apostrophe form.
Al-Quran is the Holy book for Muslims in the world. Al-Quran has 30
juz, 114 Surah which all the Surah have
many uniqueness and usages. Al-Quran has
superpower in every Surah, every sentence, and every word. In doing the
research, researcher chooses one Surah
of the Holy Qur’an which has uniqueness in the
English translation. Concerning to those, researcher chooses one Surah
exactly Al-Baqarah as the subject of
research.
Al-Baqoroh is the Surah which
great. Al-Baqoroh has sobriquet as Surah
of wealth by Prophet Muhammad because of its great usages. Al-Baqoroh
has beautiful words arrangement. Most of
verse Al-Baqoroh has meaning which is
implied through the sentences. The words which are used in the
English translation of surah Al-Baqoroh
has more imply meanings and messages. The
words which are used contain parables.
Many English translators of
Al-Qur’an who existed, but the researcher
choses Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall’s translation because
his translation is more simple and
understandable. Under the service of the Nizam of Hyderabad, Pickthall published his
translation of the Qur’an, becoming the first
English translation done by a Muslim and authorized by the Al-Azhar
University, referred to by the times
literary supplement as “A Great Literary Achievement”.
There are several previous
studies which are relevant with this topic.
Those are Zaman (2005), his study
entitled “A Study on the Figurative Language Usee by Football Host on RCTI”. He
found that figures of speech can turn up
wherever and whenever. Vyvyan Evans and Jörg Zinken (2006), with the
title “Figurative Language in a Modern
Theory of Meaning Construction: A Lexical
Concepts and Cognitive Models Approach”. He found that there is a
relation between art, body, and
embodiment as basis on figurative language. Samsul Huda (2007), his studied entitled “An Analysis on
the Traits of Figurative Language Used
by Pranatacara in the Javanese Wedding Ceremony”. He found that Javanese wedding ceremonies contain a lot of
verbal symbols in the form of figures of
speech. The last previous is Ulfa Zain (2010) with the title “Semantic Study od Fgures of Speech Used in Short
Story…”. She discussed there are sixteen
types of figures of speech which are applied appropriately and accurately.
All researches above using
figurative language as the same topic. All of
them applied figurative language in human works. As Zaman (2005), Ulfa
Zain (2010), Evans and Zinken (2006) all
of them said that figurative language only
found in literary of human’s works in common. Thus, it is contradictory
with this research.
Here, the researcher will approve
with theory that figurative language
which is classified into two types of study;rethoric-tropesand figures.
In general, tropesis a device that
involves meaning, and a figureone that involves
expression, but the terms are not always clearly distinguished (Dennis
1996:61), that figurative language also
can be found in Al-Qur’an as one of the holy books in the world. In which Al-Qur’an is one of
the God’s works not human’s works.
The researcher research the
Al-Qur’an because there haven’t the previous
research which focuses figurative language on Al-Qur’an yet.
1.2 Statement of the Problem The research problems are formulated as
follows: 1. What types of figurative language are used in the English
translation of Surah “Al-Baqoroh“ by M. Marmaduke Pickthall? 2. How are each types
of figurative language used in the English translation of Surah “Al-Baqoroh“ by M. Marmaduke
Pickthall? 3. What is the most dominant kind of figures of speech used in the
English translation of Surah
“Al-Baqoroh“ by M. Marmaduke Pickthall?
1.3 Objective of the Study The
objective of the study are as follows:
1. To find out the types of figurative language used in the English
translation of surah “Al-Baqoroh“ by M.
Marmaduke Pickthall.
2. To describe the way of each
type of figurative languages which are used in
in the English translation of surah “Al-Baqoroh“ by M. Marmaduke Pickthall.
3. To find out the meaning of the
English translation of surah “Al-Baqoroh“
by M. Marmaduke Pickthall through the most dominant kind of figures
of speech used.
1.4 Significance of the Study The
main purpose of this study is to investigate about meanings which are involved
in the English translation of surah Al-Baqoroh by M. Marmaduke Pickthall through figurative language.
Through M. Marmaduke Pickthall's translation,
researcher is going to provide meanings which are involved in it easily to be understood. From the figurative
language perspective, the researcher can
appear meanings which are presented in the translation. So, after
knowing this research people are
expected to understand Al-quran not only from the literal meaning but also the imply meaning.
Researcher expects this study is
useful for those who want to know
meanings which are presented in some sentences containing figurative
language by surah Al-Baqoroh. In the
other hand, researcher also hopes this study will be useful for other researcher.
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the
Study The researcher focuses the study
on appearing meanings through figurative
language discussion which is based on (Dennis 1996:61) simile, metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole, climax, irony,
litotes, oxymoron, synecdoche,
aposipesis, pun, exclamation, apostrophe, antithesis, parenthesis,
periphrasis, chiasmus, onomatopoeia, and
parison. Furthermore, the researcher uses the
English translation by M. Marmaduke Pickthall.
For the limitation, the
researcher limits to investigate the research only in sentences containing figurative language in
the English translation of surah AlBaqoroh (juz 1) by M. Marmaduke Pickthall
based on the Dennis’ theory.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms 1. Figurative language :Sentences fall
outside the domain of normal literal
language. A deviation from what speakers of language apprehend as the ordinary, or standard,
significance or sequence of words, in
order to achieve some special meaning of
effect (Abrahams, 1981: 45).
2. Al-Baqoroh :One of the surah
of Al-Qur’an explains about
confirmation, abjuration, and verification verses descended upon the messenger for rejoinder
the disbelievers’ refusal.
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